<h3 class="CityName"><span class="PhoneCode"> ☎<a href="tel:614" class="PhoneNumber">614</a> </span> Chihuahua </h3> <p>Founded in 1709, the city of Chihuahua (pop. 775,000) is considered the heart of the Northwest, thanks mostly to three centuries of havoc and gunfire. It was here that Conservative forces executed Mexican Independence martyr Manuel Hidalgo in 1811. It was here that Benito Juárez established his government-in-exile after the invasion of the D.F. by French Imperial forces under Maximilian. It was here that Pancho Villa marshaled his Revolutionary forces during the Porfiriato, and also where the General’s not-so-intact remains rest in peace. Though locked in memory, the city nonetheless remains aware of its current importance. Many characters saunter the wide streets of modern Chihuahua, from cowboy-clad vaqueros, Tarahumara weavers, Mennonite milkmaids, to the historically enlightened and culturally conscious Let’s Go budget traveler. </p> <h4 class="City-1Ikon ikon_116">Transportation</h4> <ul class="Listings"> <li>Flights: Gen. Fierro Villalobos Airport (CUU; ☎<a href="tel:420 5104" class="PhoneNumber">420 5104</a>), 14km from town. The “Aeropuerto” bus stops near Niños Héroes and Independencia; look for the sign. Airlines include AeroCalifornia (☎<a href="tel:437 1022" class="PhoneNumber">437 1022</a>), Aeroméxico (☎<a href="tel:415 6303" class="PhoneNumber">415 6303</a> or 416 1171), and Continental (☎<a href="tel:411 8787" class="PhoneNumber">411 8787</a>). </li> <li>Trains: The Chihuahua al Pacífico (CHEPE) station, Méndez at Calle 24, south of the center off Ocampo and 2 blocks from 20 de Noviembre. To shorten the 20min. walk, hop on one of the public buses (4 pesos) that run up and down Ocampo to Libertad. The station is popular with backpackers for its daily CHEPE train that runs between Chihuahua and Los Mochis, cutting through the breathtaking Barrancas del Cobre (Copper Canyon; p. 264) (16hr.; 7am; 1st-class 1451 pesos; 2nd-class 660 pesos) via main stop Creel (1st-class 726 pesos, 2nd-class 330 pesos), San Juan, El Divisadero, Posada Barrancas, Bahuichivo, and El Fuerte. A second station, Estación Central de los FFNN, features the nighttime División del Norte train, with service between Ciudad Juárez and Mexico City. </li> <li>Buses: From the bus station, a municipal bus (3 pesos) will take you to the cathedral. Taxis cost 70 pesos. Ómnibus de México (☎<a href="tel:420 1580" class="PhoneNumber">420 1580</a> or 0132) sends buses to: Aguascalientes (14hr., 7 per day, 688 pesos); Ciudad Juárez (every hr., 264 pesos) Cuauhtémoc (1hr., 7 per day, 69 pesos); Durango (8hr., 9 per day, 421 pesos); Guadalajara (4 per day, 856 pesos); Hidalgo del Parral (3hr., every hr., 108 pesos); Mexico City (2 per day, 1052 pesos); Monterrey (4 per day, 546 pesos); Nuevas Casas Grandes (4hr., 4 per day, 206 pesos); Torreón (6hr., 315 pesos); Zacatecas (596 pesos). Estrella Blanca (☎<a href="tel:429 0218" class="PhoneNumber">429 0218</a>) has a slightly older fleet that chugs to nearly all the same locations for about the same price. Rápidos Cuauhtémoc (☎<a href="tel:410 5208" class="PhoneNumber">410 5208</a>) runs to Cuauhtémoc (1hr., every 30min. 5am-noon, 64 pesos). </li> <li>Car Rental: Alamo, Borunda 2500 (☎<a href="tel:410 9707" class="PhoneNumber">410 9707</a>), before Revolución. Avis (airport ☎<a href="tel:420 1919" class="PhoneNumber">420 1919</a>, centro 414 1919). Hertz, Revolución 514 (☎<a href="tel:415 7818" class="PhoneNumber">415 7818</a>), at Santos. </li> </ul> <h4 class="City-2Ikon ikon_111 ikon_105">Orientation And Practical Information</h4> <p>Don’t let the sheer size of Chihuahua intimidate you—all sights of interest are within walking distance of the centro. With the exception of Victoria, Aldama, Independencia, and Carranza, streets in Chihuahua are poorly lit and may be dangerous at night. Avoid walking alone. </p> <ul class="Listings"> <li>Tourist Office: (☎<a href="tel:410 1077" class="PhoneNumber">410 1077</a>; fax 416 0032), on Aldama between Carranza and Guerrero, in the Palacio del Gobierno. Helpful staff and tourist guides. Tourist trolley service available. Open M-W 9am-7pm, Th-F 9am-5pm, Sa-Su 10am-5pm. </li> <li>Currency Exchange: Casas de cambio cluster along Victoria. Banorte, Victoria 104 (☎<a href="tel:410 1593" class="PhoneNumber">410 1593</a>). Open M-F 9am-3pm. Hotel San Francisco (☎<a href="tel:439 9000" class="PhoneNumber">439 9000</a>), down the street, has 24hr. currency exchange. ATMs crowd the streets near the cathedral. Make sure late-night ATM transactions are done in well-lit areas. </li> <li>Laundromat: Lavasolas Victoria, Victoria 1009, south of the San Juan hotel. Laundry 50 pesos. Open M-Sa 9am-8:30pm. </li> <li>Emergency: ☎<a href="tel:060" class="PhoneNumber">060</a>. Quickest way to reach police and Red Cross. </li> <li>Police: Homero 500 (☎<a href="tel:442 7300" class="PhoneNumber">442 7300</a>), across from the Ford plant. Tourist Security Hotline ☎<a href="tel:800 201 5589" class="PhoneNumber">800 201 5589</a>. </li> <li>Red Cross: (☎<a href="tel:411 9500" class="PhoneNumber">411 9500</a>), at Calle 24 and Revolución. </li> <li>Pharmacy: Farmacia Hidalgo (☎<a href="tel:410 6508" class="PhoneNumber">410 6508</a>), at Guerrero and Aldama. Open M-Sa 9am-9pm, Su 10am-2pm. </li> <li>Medical Services: Hospital General (☎<a href="tel:415 6305" class="PhoneNumber">415 6305</a>), at Av. Rosales and Calle 33a. Clínica del Centro, Ojinaga 816 (☎<a href="tel:416 0022" class="PhoneNumber">416 0022</a>). </li> <li>Internet Access: La Red, Ojinaga 508-1 (☎<a href="tel:415 5615" class="PhoneNumber">415 5615</a>). 15 pesos per hr. Copy and fax 5 pesos per page. Open M-F 9am-8pm, Sa 10am-8pm. </li> <li>Post Office: (☎<a href="tel:410 6408" class="PhoneNumber">410 6408</a>), on Libertad and Calle 19a, just behind the white church of San Francisco. Open M-Sa 9am-5pm. Postal Code: 31000. </li> </ul> <h4 class="City-1Ikon ikon_97">Accommodations</h4> <p>While the numerous hotels on Niños Héroes near the marketplace may be cheap, their cleanliness and safety can be suspect. A better bet would be paying the extra 20 pesos per night to stay in a hostel next to the CHEPE train. </p> <ul class="Listings"> <li>Hostal Casa de Chihuahua, Méndez 2203 (☎<a href="tel:410 0843" class="PhoneNumber">410 0843</a>), directly across from the CHEPE station. The hostel is brand-new and run by an international family. 5-peso coffee and 30-peso breakfasts as early as 5:30am are perfect for early morning train-hopping. Wi-Fi available. Dorms 140 pesos per person; 2-person groups 250 pesos. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➋</span> </li> <li>Hotel Central Viajero (410 2683), on the corner of Calle 5a and Coronado. The best budget deal in the centro sports posters and photos of Revolutionary heroes and matadors on the walls. Rooms are a little dusty with low beds, but have A/C and TV. Singles 135 pesos; doubles 165 pesos. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➋</span> </li> <li>Hotel Lucille, directly across from the CHEPE station. Rooms are clean and suitable for backpackers. Few amenities other than the attached restaurant. Reception 24hr. Check-out noon. Singles 140 pesos; doubles 200 pesos. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➋</span> </li> <li>San Juan, Victoria 823 (☎<a href="tel:410 0036" class="PhoneNumber">410 0036</a>). A 1930s relic with a tile courtyard, in a convenient location. All rooms with cable TV, some with A/C. Boasts a popular cantina and a small restaurant. Towel deposit 10 pesos. Internet access 10 pesos per hr. Singles 135 pesos; doubles 145 pesos. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➊</span> </li> </ul> <h4 class="City-1Ikon ikon_102">Food</h4> <p>Chihuahua’s eateries favor function over form. The city’s many 1960s-style diners serve hearty meals for around 50 pesos a head. The small cantinas, where bands serenade drunken, rowdy men, guarantee cowboys late-night antojitos. </p> <ul class="Listings"> <li>El Rodeo, Libertad 1705 (☎<a href="tel:416 3080" class="PhoneNumber">416 3080</a>), at Calle 19a. Steaks, well worth the price, are the specialty (starting from 130 pesos). The arrachera chihuahua especial (flank steak; 95 pesos) is delightful, but don’t tease: the filete cabrería (Porterhouse tenderloin; 140 pesos) is why you came. Open daily noon-8pm. MC/V. <span class="Noriega">➎</span> </li> <li>Nutry Vida, Victoria 420. An air-conditioned refuge for vegetarians. Also offers herbal supplements, yogurt dishes, and baked goods. Vegetarian comida corrida 30-40 pesos. Whole-wheat donut 4 pesos. Open daily 8am-8pm. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➌</span> </li> <li>Tacos de Don Chano, Libertad 319 (☎<a href="tel:437 0399" class="PhoneNumber">437 0399</a>), also accessible from Juárez. Located right in the middle of Mercado Libertad. A great, clean cafe for a quick lunch. Offers an array of tacos (4 for 40 pesos), burritos (20 pesos), and antojitos (30-40 pesos) served with delicious, homemade red and green salsas. Open daily 11am-8pm. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➌</span> </li> <li>Restaurante y Cafetería Venecia, Rosales 1901 (☎<a href="tel:416 5934" class="PhoneNumber">416 5934</a>). Turn right on Calle 19a going up Aldama. The Venecia serves a full range of antojitos and carne, and business always seems brisk. Combos 25-40 pesos. Open daily 7:30am-10pm. Cash only. <span class="Noriega">➌</span> </li> </ul> <h4 class="City-2Ikon ikon_108 ikon_115">Shopping And Sights</h4> <p>After you buy your cowboy hat and boots at the Mercado Libertad (Libertad between Independencia and Carranza), an even more eye-opening shopping experience awaits at Botánica Meza, Juárez 523, which sells a wide selection of herbs, talismans, milagros, magic powders, and charms to a serious clientele of curanderas (traditional healers) and the occasional witch. Even if you think it’s moonshine, don’t say so—botánica is not a good place to make enemies. (Open M-Sa 9am-2pm and 3-8pm; hours less predictable Su.) For produce and cheap clothing, Mercado Al Super, Mercado Soriano, and the surrounding shops on Niños Héroes are a more practical choice. A note for Chihuahua’s museums: more times than not, simply asking for assistance will get you a free private tour. Most museums are overstaffed and have English-speaking guides ready to help. </p> <div class="Ikonbox"><span class="Ikon-Ikonbox ikon_61"></span><ul> <li><span class="Ikonbox-Head">Get On The Trolley.</span> While the museums and gardens of Chihuahua are relatively close to the city center, navigating them is guaranteed to be exhausting, especially in the boiling sun. Luckily, the tourism office has a trolley that visits all major museums and sights in Chihuahua. Trolley tickets are valid for 4 rides (30 pesos, children 17 pesos). The drivers provide basic info on passing museums, but disembark on your own in order to see the inside. Times are flexible; call or visit the tourist office at the Palacio del Gobierno for details. </li> </ul> </div> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead"><span class="Pick">&nbsp;</span>Museo Histórico De La Revolución.</span> Also known as Quinta Luz, this 50-room mansion was the home of Pancho Villa’s (legal) widow Luz Corral, who maintained the museum and led tours until her death in 1981—60 years after her husband’s. It is by far the most frequented museum in Chihuahua and paints a vivid portrait of the life and times of Villa and the fascinating events surrounding the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Items on display include Villa’s personal effects, photographs, and heavy weapon collection. The star of the show is the bullet-ridden Dodge in which the unsuspecting Villa was assassinated in 1921. <span class="Info-text">(Calle 10a 3010. Walk 1.5km south on Ocampo, turn left on 20 de Noviembre, go 2 blocks to Calle 10, and turn right. The museum is in the large off-pink building to the left. ☎<a href="tel:416 2958" class="PhoneNumber">416 2958</a>. Open Tu-Sa 9am-1pm and 3-7pm, Su 10am-4pm. 10 pesos.)</span> </p> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead"><span class="Pick">&nbsp;</span>Museo Regional De Chihuahua.</span> Commonly known as Quinta Gameros, this building is one of the more stunning mansions in Mexico, and a prime example of the French art nouveau style. Mining engineer Manuel Gameros, the aristocrat who contracted the building (1907-11), never had a chance to live here before the Revolution drove him to Texas. The house, itself a magnificent work of art, was seized by Revolutionaries, and at one point served as Pancho Villa’s barracks and Venustiano Carranza’s home. Owned and operated by the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Quinta Gameros is dedicated to providing recognition to Chihuahua’s artists. The ground floor contains rotating exhibits from current local artists whose work is often for sale, while the upstairs houses an impressive collection of chihuahuense art from the past two centuries. <span class="Info-text">(On the corner of Calle 4 and Paseo Bolívar, a 10min. walk from the cathedral. ☎<a href="tel:416 6680" class="PhoneNumber">416 6680</a>. Open Tu-Su 11am-2pm and 4-7pm. 20 pesos, students and children 10 pesos; W half-price.)</span> </p> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead">Palacio De Gobierno.</span> A 19th-century testament to chihuahuense history, the palace holds imposingly large Aarón Piña Mora murals, with flames marking the spots of Hidalgo’s and Allende’s executions, as well as a nude statue of Emiliano Zapata, whose modesty is maintained by a well-placed rifle brandished upright by a fallen comrade. <span class="Info-text">It also houses the ever-helpful tourist office and two brand new museums. <span class="Pick">&nbsp;</span>El Museo Galería de Armas displays a collection of weapons used during Mexico’s many wars, including a 3m long rifle used by the Spanish. <span class="Pick">&nbsp;</span>El Museo de Hidalgo depicts the life and times of Miguel Hidalgo with audio-visual commentary (English language assistance available). Although free at the moment, museum prices are subject to change. Contact the tourist office for details. (At the center of Chihuahua on Aldama and Victoria. Palacio open daily 8am-7pm. Museums open Tu-Su 9am-5pm.)</span> </p> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead">Grutas De Nombre De Dios.</span> Located 15min. from downtown in the cerros to the east of the city, this series of caverns contains fossils of fauna from the state’s prehistoric age, when the land was an inner sea. Time has carved a series of passages wide enough for a walking tour, but not quite deep enough for spelunking. Among the impressive formations are the locally dubbed “Quixote,” “La Torre de Pisa,” and “El Aguila.” Trained guides offer tours of the 17-room system. <span class="Info-text">(At Av. Colegio Militar. ☎<a href="tel:400 7059" class="PhoneNumber">400 7059</a>. Open Tu-F 9am-4pm. Contact the tourist office prior to visit for directions and tour prices.)</span> </p> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead">Museo De La Lealtad Republicana Casa De Juárez.</span> This museum chronicles the years the Mexican government spent in exile during the Maximilian-Hapsburg reign. Spanish writings by Benito Juárez and timelines elaborate the renovated rooms of Juárez’s Chihuahuan home, where he lived from 1864 until 1866, when the Republican government was restored. The museum is an interesting glimpse of the influential minds and activists of Chihuahua’s past. <span class="Info-text">(On Juárez between Independencia and Carranza in a rose building marked “Museo de Casa Juárez.” ☎<a href="tel:410 4258" class="PhoneNumber">410 4258</a>. Captions in Spanish. Open Tu-Su 9am-7pm. 10 pesos, students and children 5 pesos.)</span> </p> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead">Palacio Federal.</span> Constructed on the foundation of a much older Jesuit college that was the center of Spanish colonial Chihuahua, this Neoclassical building was finished in 1910. Walk down the stairs and to the back of the building to find the Calabozo de Miguel Hidalgo, the dungeon where Hidalgo was held by the Spanish government prior to his execution in 1811. The small entrance is visible several steps below street level. The museum displays his writings, crucifix, and the wall of his jail cell, on which he scrawled a few parting words to his captors with a piece of charcoal. <span class="Info-text">(The entrance to the Calabozo is on Juárez. ☎<a href="tel:429 3300" class="PhoneNumber">429 3300</a>, ext. 1056. Open Tu-Su 9am-6pm. 10 pesos, students and children 5 pesos.) </span> </p> <p class="Sight"><span class="SightHead">Cathedral.</span> Due to Apache raids and the unpredictable nature of mining money, it took 100 years to construct Chihuahua’s Nuestra Señora de Regla y San Francisco de Asís. Finally finished in 1826, the beautiful Churrigueresque facade features the apostles and a large pipe organ. A great place to escape from the heat, the cathedral also attracts many visitors each day. In the southeastern corner is the small Museo de Arte Sacro, housing pastoral 18th-century religious paintings and a chair on which the late Pope John Paul II sat during his 1990 visit. <span class="Info-text">(In the centro. Entrance is on Victoria. Open M-F 10am-2pm and 4-6pm. 20 pesos, students 12 pesos.)</span> </p> <h4 class="City-2Ikon ikon_101 ikon_110">Entertainment And Nightlife</h4> <p>For those interested in grabbing the bull by its horns, the Expogan, Chihuahua’s regional cattle show featuring rodeo, palenque, horse races, and fascinating agro-industrial exhibits, is held the first week of October. Chihuahua also sports its very own Plaza de Toros, at Reforma 2001. Corridas occur during the summer, but only intermittently—inquire at the tourist office for more details. Tickets run around 200 pesos in the shade and 150 pesos in the sun and can be purchased at the Plaza. </p> <div class="Ikonbox"><span class="Ikon-Ikonbox ikon_86"></span><ul> <li><span class="Ikonbox-Head">The Local Style.</span> Shopping in the dusty streets for a headpiece may be intimidating—the signature cowboy hat claims unrivaled importance in western North American culture. In the past, one could tell the origin of a farmhand by the shape and shade of his top. Although form is not so important as fashion in today’s market, the shape is still key. The hippest and baddest duranguenses and chihuahuenses usually wear the hats with the sides turned up tight to the crown. This has led to some stereotyping—as one popular saying goes, “Sombrero tejano, anteojos oscuros, traficante seguro.” (Texan hat, dark glasses, definitely a drug-trafficker.) </li> </ul> </div> <p> While Chihuahua has a disco scene in the Zona Dorada (north of the centro), visitors may prefer a more typical norteño evening at one of the many cantinas in the city. Cantinas are El Norte’s version of the traditional cowboy saloon, with dark wood interiors, endless rivers of tequila, and rowdy vaqueros. Lounging at a bar’s outdoor courtyard, and listening to live guitar music can be a more relaxed way to take advantage of Chihuahua’s beautiful nights. </p> <ul class="Listings"> <li>Cafe Calicanto, Aldama 411 (☎<a href="tel:410 4452" class="PhoneNumber">410 4452</a>), across from the Casa de Cultura. Chihuahua’s sophisticates come to enjoy mixed drinks and snacks at this idyllic cafe, where local singers and songwriters serenade the beautiful open-air, umbrella-blessed patio. After 9pm on weekends, tortas are 25 pesos. Beer 20 pesos. Tequila from 30 pesos. Open Tu-Sa 6pm-2am. Cash only. </li> <li>La Casa de los Milagros (☎<a href="tel:437 0693" class="PhoneNumber">437 0693</a>), 1 blocks south of the cathedral on Victoria. Beautiful people wind down to the sounds of live guitar music among statues of angels and saints. Serves Bohemia and Tecate, the Northwest’s favorite beers (25 pesos), and an impressive selection of wine. Cigars 25 pesos. Open M-Th and Su 5pm-midnight, F-Sa 5pm-1am. Cash only. </li> <li>El Centenario Cantina, Coronado 503 (☎<a href="tel:410 2019" class="PhoneNumber">410 2019</a>). A safe bar patronized by fútbol-fanatic locals on weeknight and raucous cowboys on the weekends. Beer 20 pesos. Open M-Th and Su 6pm-midnight, F-Sa 6pm-2am. MC/V. </li> <li>Cantina La Antigua Paz, Calle 12a 2201 (☎<a href="tel:410 1466" class="PhoneNumber">410 1466</a>). A traditional cantina (they’re rare) offering the usual machismo in a 90-year-old setting, complete with inspiring reliefs and old newspaper clippings. A great place to rest after visiting the Museo Histórico de la Revolución. Beer 20 pesos. Open daily 10am-midnight. Cash only. </li> </ul> <h4 class="City-1Ikon ikon_100">Daytrip From Chihuahua</h4> <h5 class="Subhead">Cuauhtémoc </h5> <p class="InfoHead">Cuauhtémoc lies halfway between Creel and Chihuahua, a 1hr. bus ride from each. From Chihuahua, both Ómnibus de México (☎<a href="tel:582 1201" class="PhoneNumber">582 1201</a>) and Estrella Blanca (☎<a href="tel:429 0240" class="PhoneNumber">429 0240</a>) run 4 buses per day to Cuauhtémoc for about 69 pesos. Rapiditos Cuauhtémoc runs back and forth every 45 min for 64 pesos. Take the Aeropuerto or Circunvalación-1 buses from the corner of Niños Héroes and Independencia (4 pesos) to the Terminal Central del Autobuses. Cuauhtémoc’s Módolo de Información Turística, an information kiosk in the Plaza Principal on Morelos between Melgar and Suárez, offers general advice and will organize outings to local restaurants for groups of 5 or more. (☎<a href="tel:581 3488" class="PhoneNumber">581 3488</a>. Generally open M-F 9am-1pm and 3-5pm, Sa 9am-noon.) </p> <p>Cuauhtémoc is both a modern center for agricultural production and a supply station for the extremely conservative societies of the Germanic Mennonites and the indigenous Tarahumara. Buses to Cuauhtémoc travel through spectacular desert landscapes, which alone make the trip worthwhile. </p> <p> For visitors passing through Cuauhtémoc on their way to or from Las Barrancas del Cobre (Copper Canyon; p. 264), the Mennonites and their tidy campos in the surrounding valley are the city’s main attraction. Founded in the 15th century, this German pacifist religious group moved from Europe to Russia to Canada trying to escape persecution and forced military service. After the British government forced Mennonites into military service during WWI, many migrated to Mexico with the stipulation that they would not fight any wars. Since the 1920s, they have become the most important agricultural producers in the state and enjoy traditional agrarian lifestyles in numbered campos. </p> <p> To see the famous Mennonite cheese in production, your best bet is to head to La Quesería América, Campo 2b, a modern factory that uses traditional techniques. (☎<a href="tel:587 7249" class="PhoneNumber">587 7249</a> or 7300. Cheese about 50 pesos per kg. Open M-F 8am-6pm, Sa 8am-5pm.) The Museo de los Mennonitas, near the entrance to Campo 21, features displays on all aspects of Mennonite life, from agriculture to the home, and has a series of English-language videos on the history of the Mennonites. (20 pesos, ages 12-18 10 pesos. Open M-Sa 9am-5pm.) </p> <p> Since many campos don’t allow visitors, the best way to see these sights is with a Mennonite guide. <span class="Pick">&nbsp;</span>Jacob Harms Loepke, a member of the Mennonite church who used to live in the communities near Cuauhtémoc, conducts half-day tours of the above mentioned sites, traditional churches and schools, and even to a Mennonite household where you can buy fantastic homemade cookies (3 pesos each) and experience a traditional Mennonite buffet (50 pesos per person). Tours in English, German, and Spanish can be booked at the plaza tourist kiosks, or directly through Jacob Loepke by calling his cell phone (☎<a href="tel:283 6971" class="PhoneNumber">283 6971</a>. 4-person groups 350 pesos. Tour bus for larger groups 150 pesos per person.) </p> 2009-06-01T19:35:21+00:00 160 false 14454 Chihuahua 14451 3 13055 2009-06-01T19:35:21+00:00