Founded in 1366, Guernica (pop. 16,000) long served as the ceremonial seat of the Basque country. Representatives from all seven Basque provinces met in Guernica’s Casa de Juntas, and under a nearby oak tree, Castilian monarchs ritually swore to uphold the fueros, ancient laws guaranteeing Basque autonomy. Guernica is currently home of the parliament of Bizkai and occasionally hosts ceremonial meetings of the entire Basque parliament. Since suffering almost total destruction under Franco-ordered bombs in 1937, the town has since been revived, yet remains a symbol of the atrocities of war.
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