Hawaii Natural Disasters

Earthquakes. Seismic activity on Hawaii is frequent due to its active volcanoes. The vast majority of earthquakes are too small to be felt, but about once a decade a stronger quake can cause real damage. The last destructive earthquake was in 2006, with no fatalities but major property damage. In the event of an earthquake, stay away from windows, tall furniture, and ceiling fixtures. Drop to the ground, find cover under a door frame, and protect your head.

Hurricanes. Hurricanes rarely hit Hawaii, but the state is not immune to these high-wind-speed storms or attendant large waves. The last massive hurricane was Hurricane Iniki, in 1992, which caused almost $2 billion in damage, mostly in Kauai. In the event that a hurricane or tropical storm watch or warning is issued, listen closely to the radio or TV for further updates and instructions from civil defense authorities. You should also prepare to cover all windows and doors; stock up on food, water, prescription medicine, and batteries; have an available supply of cash; and be ready to evacuate.

Tsunamis. Tsunamis are caused by any displacement of a large mass of water—often an underwater earthquake—that creates a rapidly traveling wave that slows and gains height as it approaches the shoreline. The wave floods low-lying areas and can be incredibly destructive; tsunamis have killed more people in Hawaii than all other natural disasters combined. Thirteen significant tsunamis have struck Hawaii in the last century; the most destructive were in 1946 and 1960. If a tsunami warning is issued, follow the evacuation procedures broadcast. Maps and more detailed information are in the front pages of phone books. For more information visit the National Weather Service’s Pacific Tsunami Warning Center website (www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc.)

Volcanoes. Hawaii’s volcanoes are typically considered safe, given the relatively gentle, non-explosive outflow of lava that characterizes the eruptions. However, Kilauea erupted violently in 1790 and 1924 and will undoubtedly do so again. Mauna Loa erupted for three weeks in 1984, with lava flows coming within 4 mi. of Hilo. The volcanologists at Volcanoes National Park continually monitor volcanic activity—heed all warnings and instructions they give regarding an impending explosive eruption. Other more dangerous hazards are commonplace in the park; be careful and follow park ranger guidelines .